英 [ˈrʌfnəs] 美 [ˈrʌfnəs]
n. 粗糙（度）；粗暴；猛烈；篷乱毛发；未加工
a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven
同义词： raggedness
the quality of being unpleasant (harsh or rough or grating) to the senses
同义词： harshness
an unpolished unrefined quality
同义词： crudeness
used of the sea during inclement or stormy weather
同义词： choppiness / rough water
rowdy behavior
同义词： rowdiness / rowdyism / disorderliness
the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion
同义词： pitting / indentation
harsh or severe speech or behavior
men associate the roughness of nonstandard working-class speech with masculinity ; the roughness of her voice was a signal to keep quiet
表面粗糙度-引用次数：640
The machined surface roughness reaches RaO. 88nm; flatness 0.
机床加工表面粗糙度达Ra0.88nm；平面度达0.07μm（RMS），平行度为0.01mm，加工效率提高了30～100倍，磨料成本降低60％。
参考来源双面高速研磨机研制
粗糙感-引用次数：2
参考来源织物触感空间维度及评价的研究
粗糙度
平整度-引用次数：90
To guarantee the perfect ness of thesis and utility of theory of roughness quality.
在此基础上，平整度质量控制作了原则性叙述，确保论文的完善与所建理论的实用性。
参考来源关于高等级公路路面平整度的研究
路面不平度-引用次数：45
The models of the time series,spectral,fractal,wavelet are introduced evaluated,and the future direction of road roughness is pointed out.
分别阐述了路面不平度的功率谱分析模型、时间序列分析模型、分形分析模型及小波分析模型,对每一种路面模型进行了系统评价,并指出了路面不平度研究发展方向。
参考来源路面不平度数学模型的研究进展
粗糙性-引用次数：26
So, Rough Set Theory has provided the frame for knowledge roughness research.
因此,粗糙集理论为研究知识粗糙性的研究提供了框架。
参考来源基于粗糙集的知识粗糙性研究
平整度-引用次数：20
The paper makes full use of USB technology and realizes the USB communication in data acquisition in the road roughness test system. It changes the traditional communication modal using the PCI interface with the computer.
充分利用了通用串行总线USB的技术特点,在道路平整度测试系统中,实现了利用USB进行数据采集传输,改变了传统的利用PCI总线接口形式的A/D采集卡与上位机进行通信的方法。
双向-引用次数：5
摩阻系数-引用次数：3
The states and the parameters, which are needed during the course of model creation, are simulated, and the simulating methods of some parameters, such as the pipeline diameter, the pipeline roughness coefficient and the valve roughness coefficient, are put forth.
主要是对建立微观模型所需的状态和参数进行了研究，提出了管段管径、管段摩阻系数和阀门摩阻系数的模拟方法。
糙率-引用次数：29
The methods of determining infiltration parameters and roughness coefficient for surface irrigation are reviewed in this paper,the characteristics of every method are discussed.
对地面灌溉土壤入渗参数和田面糙率系数的各种确定方法进行总结,分析了各种方法的特点。
粗度
粗糙性-引用次数：7
This paper studies the relationship between rough set algebra and non-classical logic algebra, and applys rough set theory to MV-algebra and R0-algebra. The roughness of filter is studied.
本文研究粗糙集代数与非经典逻辑代数的关系，将粗糙集理论应用于MV-代数和R0-代数，讨论其滤子的粗糙性并研究同态映射之下滤子的性质。
参考来源非经典逻辑代数的粗糙性研究
(橄榄球、足球等比赛中)粗暴对待(常与up连用)：
带 ／h／ 音的
粗糙
粗糙度
面纸一般的了解是比所谓的卫生纸柔软，而柔软度的定义包含两项，分为粗糙度（Roughness）指的是纸面的光滑程度，和硬挺度（Stiffness）指的是纸心的硬挺程度。
...享网 关键字：光学薄膜、粗糙、干涉法、傅转换法、高斯波器、 灰阶共生矩阵。 [gap=1393]Keyword: Optical thin film, Roughness, Interferometry, Fourier transform method, Gaussian filter, Gray level co-occur..
... roughingmachine粗选机 roughness粗度 roundlayout炮眼组布置 ...
... 弥缝面情势:最简单的面(ff)、突面(rf)、凸面(m)、凹面(f)、高低面(mf)、榫面(t)槽面(g)、榫槽面(tg)、环毗连面(rj) 粗拙度 roughness 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange ...
rough 艰苦；高低不平的地面；未经加工的材料；粗糙的部分
roughage 粗饲料；粗粮；粗糙的原料
roughhouse 骚乱；大吵大闹；大打出手
roughneck 粗鲁的人，粗暴的人；流氓，无赖
粗糙（度）；粗暴；猛烈；篷乱毛发；未加工
She rested her cheek against the roughness of his jacket.
她把脸靠在了他粗糙的夹克上。
But you will not mind the roughness nor the steepness of the way.
你不会介意路途的不平或艰险。
The roughness of the world.He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he.
手心；它舔舐无情的世界带给你的创伤和痛苦。它守护着乞丐主人入睡，仿佛他是王子。
Visitors can touch it to feel the roughness and smoothness of the art.
VOA : special.2010.07.09
But behind the roughness they were good men."
VOA : special.2010.08.01
The new material can change between two states when stretched, altering both its transparency and its roughness.
Any player guilty of starting a fight or of excessive roughness is thrown out of the game.
Was that then the secret of Frank Sinatra's success, a listenable voice and a reputation for roughness?