英 [rʌf] 美 [rʌf]
adj. （表面）粗糙的，不平的；（网球或软式墙网球拍）粗面的；粗暴的，猛烈的；（地方）多暴力的，犯罪盛行的；汹涌的，风浪很大的；粗制的，不完善的；粗俗的，不讲究的；粗略的，大致的；<非正式> 艰难的，不愉快的；<英，非正式> 身体不适的；（声音）粗哑的，不悦耳的；（酒）涩味的；未经加工的；（文具）用以打草稿的
n. （高尔夫球场的）深草区（the rough）；草稿，草图；<旧，非正式> 粗野的人，暴徒；未加工的宝石；高低不平的地面；粗糙的部分；艰苦，不愉快
v. 粗制，对……粗加工；草拟，画……的轮廓；使不平，把……弄毛糙；<非正式> 因陋就简地生活；粗暴地对待；（在美式橄榄球、冰球等比赛中对对手）动粗
adv. <非正式> 粗糙地，粗暴地；<英> 风餐露宿
【名】 （Rough）（英）拉夫（人名）
复数roughs
第三人称单数roughs
现在分词roughing
过去式roughed
过去分词roughed
比较级rougher或more rough
最高级roughest或most rough
rough /rʌf/ CET4 TEM4 [ rougher roughest ]
形容词 If a surface is rough, it is uneven and not smooth. 粗糙的
His hands were rough and callused, from years of karate practice.
他的双手由于多年的空手道练习，粗糙而布满老茧。
不可数名词 粗糙
She rested her cheek against the roughness of his jacket.
她把脸靠在了他粗糙的夹克上。
形容词 You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness. 粗暴的; 粗野的
American football's a rough game at the best of times.
在最好的情况下足球也是一项粗野的运动。
副词 粗暴地; 粗野地
They roughly pushed her forward.
他们粗暴地向前推她。
形容词 A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there. (治安) 乱的
It was quite a rough part of our town.
那是我们镇上相当乱的一个地方。
形容词 If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences. 艰难的
All women have a rough time in our society.
我们社会所有妇女都过着艰难的日子。
形容词 A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact. 粗略的
We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.
我们只能对所需燃料的量作一个粗略估计。
副词 粗略地
Gambling and tourism pay roughly half the entire state budget.
博彩业和旅游业为整个国家预算提供大致一半的资金来源。
形容词 If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail. 大致的
I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.
我对他的样子有了个大致的概念。
副词 大致地
He knew roughly what was about to be said.
他大致知道该说些什么。
形容词 You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made. 粗糙的
The bench had a rough wooden table in front of it.
那长椅前有张粗糙的木桌。
副词 粗糙地
Roughly chop the tomatoes and add them to the casserole.
把这些西红柿粗切一下，添到那个砂锅里。
形容词 If the sea or the weather at sea is rough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves. 风浪大的
A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.
一艘渔船与一艘货轮在风大浪急的海上相撞了。
习语 If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have. 将就
There is a campsite but, if you prefer not to rough it, the Lake Hotel is nearby.
有一个营地，不过如果你不想将就，湖滨酒店就在附近。
the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short
having or caused by an irregular surface
trees with rough bark ; rough ground ; rough skin ; rough blankets
同义词： unsmooth
(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse
she was a diamond in the rough ; rough manners
ready and able to resort to force or violence
they were rough and determined fighting men
同义词： pugnacious
of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped
not perfected
a rough draft ; a few rough sketches
with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly')
he was pushed roughly aside ; they treated him rough
同义词： roughly
粗糙集-引用次数：3142
Attribute reduction is a research focus in rough set theory.
属性约简是粗糙集理论中的一个研究重点。
参考来源基于粗糙集的属性约简算法研究
粗糙的-引用次数：5
Actually, in the meanwhile of opening to the worldwide market and developing liberal trade, china market was deeply divided and blockaded in the province level by the means ranging from rough and slipshod roadblock to complicated local laws and regulations.
由地方政府主导的市场地区化进程产生了一个反常的现象：在过去二十多年里向全球市场开放、发展自由贸易的同时，中国市场在地方层次已经越来越分割，从粗糙的路障到复杂的地方法规，地方保护措施无处不在。
毛坯-引用次数：9
带 ／h／ 音的
(橄榄球、足球等比赛中)粗暴对待(常与up连用)：
粗略的
粗糙的
未加工的
Rough（粗糙的）:这种接触方式和无摩擦类似。但表现为完全的摩擦接触，即没有相对滑动。
... rose n.蔷薇，玫瑰；玫瑰红，玫瑰色 rough adj.粗糙的；高低不平的；粗略的；粗野的 round adj.圆的；球形的 ...
...关键词： 调整臂外壳零件，毛坯，加工工序，切削用量，专用夹具，装夹 [gap=1272]Key words: Adjustment arm shell parts, rough, processing technology, a dedicated fixture, positioning, clamping ...
Cathy did a rough calculation.
凯茜作了一个粗略的计算。
Do they always play this rough?
他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？
The rough cloth prickled my skin.
粗布扎我的皮肤。
This time,it happened while he was working on a railroad with men who did rough work and looked rough.
VOA : special.2010.08.01
Passion plucks no berries from the myrtle and ivy, nor calls upon Arethuse and Mincius, nor tells of "rough satyrs and fauns with cloven heel."
真情不会强摘番石榴和常春藤的果实，也不会造访，阿里休斯和，敏吉河，更不会提到“粗犷“
弥尔顿课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
In fact, a rough grasp on traditional English meter to Stevens, say, or to Crane, or to Auden or Bishop.
事实上，粗略的了解英国节律,比如史蒂文斯，克瑞恩，奥登和主教。
现代诗歌课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
The Impressionists used bright colors, rough brush strokes and thick paint to show light and movement in its many forms.
VOA : special.2009.07.12
And they walk on rough,rocky paths, many of which follow old railroad tracks and roads used by loggers long ago.
VOA : special.2009.07.20
In 1859, Hellman emigrated from a small town in Bavaria to the rough-and-tumble settlement of Los Angeles.
Potter around rough trails on foot or by bike, breaking with a picnic lunch and a dip.
Long-term holders who stayed aboard through rough times haven't been compensated for their patience.