英 [ˈhɑːdʃɪp] 美 [ˈhɑːrdʃɪp]
n. 困苦，艰难
复数hardships
hardship /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ CET4 TEM4
有变体名词 Hardship is a situation in which your life is difficult or unpleasant, often because you do not have enough money. 困境
Many people are suffering economic hardship.
很多人正遭受着经济困难。
something hard to endure
同义词： asperity / grimness / rigor / rigour / severity / severeness / rigorousness / rigourousness
something that causes or entails suffering
I cannot think it a hardship that more indulgence is allowed to men than to women ; the many hardships of frontier life
苦难-引用次数：75
Yu Huas attitude to hardship experienced the course of being confronted , being suffered & surpassing.
在对待苦难的态度上，余华经历了从直面、咀嚼到超越的过程。
参考来源寻找失落的世界
忧患-引用次数：5
" Although the "hardship" as a formal concept of evening out, but the "sense of crisis" in the form have to much earlier.
虽然“忧患”作为正式概念晚出,但是“忧患意识”的形成却要早得多。
参考来源庄子忧患意识研究
困顿-引用次数：2
参考来源康有为道德救国思想研究
艰难
公约第79条的适用中，最困难的问题是履约艰难（Hardship）的情形（如一方 义务的履行变得异常繁重和用难，通常是在财务方面，但并非履行不能）是否包含在 公约规定的免责事由中。
... break down 分解;发生故障;失败;毁掉;制 hardship n.困苦;苦难;艰难险阻 basic n.基本,要素,基础 ...
2010快将过去，或听过在某一天有所困苦(Hardship)，或听过有某一天有所失落
... Harmony n. 和谐，融洽，一致 Hardship n. 困难，艰苦 Horrible a. 令人恐惧的，可怕的，骇人听闻的 ...
困苦；苦难；艰难险阻
They were condemned to a life of hardship.
他们不得不过着艰难的生活。
Welfare provides a cushion against hardship.
福利给困苦提供了一个缓解。
These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship.
这些政策使得许多老人饱受困苦。
Looking for the best in every situation is one way Curt Onalfo deals with hardship.
VOA : special.2010.06.02
But it's not a very good thing if my consciousness continues to narrow and constrict beyond the threat, or beyond the hardship.
但它变得不是很好,如果我的意识继续狭窄,收紧超出威胁，超出困难。
幸福课课程节选 : 哈佛公开课
We finally got it to work at the end after much hardship.
经过了重重困难，我们最后终于成功了。
SpeakingMax英语口语达人 : 气泡项目
But Ms.Neal says the United States space program always seems to recover from hardship.
VOA : special.2011.02.09
In times of extreme hardship, the human brain may have developed a way to create a social link, the sense of a helpful and guiding partner.
VOA : special.2010.02.24
The optimism and hardship that dominated the goldfields during that time reverberates throughout present-day Victoria.
Lyse answers: Yes Timothy hard to see people suffering, in hardship, waiting for change.
So, yes, there are still a lot of people there who are going through enormous hardship.
WHITEHOUSE: President Obama Holds a Town Hall in New Hampshire