英 [ˈpætrənɪdʒ] 美 [ˈpeɪtrənɪdʒ]
n. 赞助，资助；（对餐馆、酒店或其他生意的）惠顾，光顾；职位授予权，恩惠给予权；庇护，扶植；恩赐态度；（古罗马）庇护人的权力和职责，庇护人的地位
patronage /ˈpætrənɪdʒ/ TEM8
不可数名词 Patronage is the support and money given by someone to a person or a group such as a charity. 赞助
...government patronage of the arts in Europe.
…在欧洲政府对艺术的资助。
the act of providing approval and support
同义词： backing / backup / championship
a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient
同义词： condescension / disdain
(politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
the business given to a commercial establishment by its customers
even before noon there was a considerable patronage
同义词： trade
support by being a patron of
be a regular customer or client of
同义词： patronize / patronise / support / keep going
赞助人-引用次数：220
Collective translation in the period is a case in point of the extreme manipulation of the patronage.
该时期的集体翻译,是赞助人极端操控的典型例证。
赞助者-引用次数：24
The patronage's influence was reflected in both institution and person's manipulation.
赞助者即可以是机构,也可以是人。
主顾-引用次数：2
Apart from taking implied reader into consideration, the translator has other demands to meet, among which are patronage, poetics and the SL text.
同时,译者在行使职责时,也受到除读者以外其他因素的影响和制约。 本文认为主要有主顾、诗学和源语作品这三方面的因素。
参考来源译者在文学翻译中的角色
赞助者-引用次数：20
Patronage is a third factor that manipulated his novel-translation, which means the manipulation of his novel-translation by the publisher and the reader.
除了意识形态和诗学,赞助者是操纵林纾小说翻译的又一因素,这说明林纾的翻译决策有时受制于出版商和读者。
参考来源林纾小说翻译研究
主顾-引用次数：2
Apart from taking implied reader into consideration, the translator has other demands to meet, among which are patronage, poetics and the SL text.
同时,译者在行使职责时,也受到除读者以外其他因素的影响和制约。 本文认为主要有主顾、诗学和源语作品这三方面的因素。
参考来源译者在文学翻译中的角色
庇护制-引用次数：2
恩赐制
... chicanery n.强词夺理,狡辩,欺骗 patronage n.赞助,光顾,任免权,保护人的身份 panoply n.全副穿戴，全副甲胄 ...
... patron n.资助人，举办人，保护人 patronage n.资助，赞助；惠顾，光顾 patronize(=patronise) vt.（常常）惠顾，光顾；以屈尊俯就的态度对待 ...
所以在过去10年里，中国女足一方面失去了专业体制的庇护，另一方面又没获得职业体制的惠顾(Patronage)，结果在夹缝中生存得越来越艰难。求学的三个条件是：多观察，多吃苦，多研究。
赞助；光顾；任免权
The restaurant has a large patronage.
光顾这家餐馆的人很多。
Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too.
虽然这对少数民族企业是有希望的，但增加的赞助也给他们带来了危险。
Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.
现在他正在起诉这家赌场，指控它本应该拒绝他的光顾，因为它知道他上瘾了。
It used to be that government officials were all picked by political patronage and they, very often, were incompetent.
过去政府官员,通常都是走后门进来的,他们经常都是不称职的。
金融市场课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
And,so,the patronage of the Empire is that he can provide railroads, he can provide money for things, and that further centralizes the state.
帝国的资助者可以提供铁路,也可以为一些事情提供钱,这些东西更加集中于国家
1871年后的法国课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
And,in conclusion,the state becomes the new ways that patronage,economic,financial, cultural,political,is dispensed.
总之,国家,变成了施与经济的,金融的,文化的,政治的恩惠的新方法
1871年后的法国课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
Many believe that their involvement with the life of the theatre was more than that of passive patronage.
The Ambassador, a man named Bert Fish, was a patronage appointee and rarely visited the Embassy.
Like its neighbours, Thailand suffers from an unhealthy combination of patronage and opaque business activities.