精神客体
the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned
同义词： content / cognitive content
Gray 与Tall （1993）进一步强调：从操作数学程序 （procedure）进入可操作的心理物件（mental object）的认知改变，是学习数学概念 最重要的过程。
Visualizing an object or a situation, and repeating often this mental image, attracts the object or situation into our lives.
想象一个物体或者一种情形，经常重复这个意识画面，引导这个物体或情形走向我们的生活。
People always have a mental model in place about a certain object or task (paying my bills, reading a book, using a remote control).
人们总是在某些对象或任务中产生心智模型（管理支票、看书、使用遥控器）。
Across nations, men score higher than women on tests of mental rotation and the ability to judge line angles, whereas women score higher than men on tests of object location memory and word fluency.
不同国家的男性表现出在心理旋转和判断角度方面的测试中，强于女性的能力。